Investigation of the Physical and Chemical Properties of Underground Water in Kabul City
Authors:
Asadullah Shakir(1),
Massoud Danishmal(2)
Abstract: The objective of this research is to assess the quality of underground water in Kabul city in terms of health and compliance with WHO and other relevant standards. To evaluate underground water quality in Kabul city, 25 water samples are collected from various locations. Advanced instruments such as the HQ440d Multi-Meter, Turbidity Meter, Conductivity Meter, and Wag-WE10500, along with reagents like Alkali Solution and Calcium and Magnesium indicator Solution, are used to measure different chemical and physical parameters of the water. Various tests are conducted in the field and laboratory. Chemical parameters including bicarbonate, sodium, magnesium, calcium, iron, fluorine, potassium, chlorine, chloride, arsenic, and nitrate are evaluated. Some parameters, such as fluoride, iron, arsenic, sodium, potassium, and chlorine, are within permissible limits for underground water in Kabul. However, findings confirm previous concerns about deteriorating water quality, including increased water hardness and nitrite levels. Parameters such as chloride, nitrite, total hardness, sulfite, and magnesium exceed permissible limits in most areas, including Kabul. Additionally, physical parameters like turbidity, conductivity, TDS, electrical conductivity, alkalinity, acidity, color, taste, smell, and temperature are assessed. All chemical and physical parameters are compared against WHO, S.EPA, ANSA, E.U, IL standards, and the results are presented in a chart for clarity. Comparisons with established standards are analyzed and discussed. Keywords: water chemistry parameters, water physical parameters, water quality reduction, effects of low-quality water, public awareness Download PDF
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Academic Journal of Research and Scientific Publishing
doi.org/10.52132/Ajrsp.en.2023.50.3